Afflux or Backwater
Afflux is the rise of water level on the upstream side of the bridge, caused by an obstruction across the channel and is the diffrence in levels of the water surfaces upstream and downstream of the bridge. Afflux is also caused when the effective lineal waterway of a bridge is less than the natural width of the stream immediately on the upstream side of the bridge.
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| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerala_backwaters#/media/File:Kerala_Backwaters_Sunset.JPG |
The water way of any bridge is generally made less than natural waterway of the stream, for which guide banks or traininng banks are provided. the amount of afflux determined the top levels and lengths of the guide banks and also the free board.
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